Systèmes écrivants et répartition des rôles interactionnels

In cooperative writing two or more interacting persons work together to write a common text. After several case studies with unplanned writing interactions, in an experiment we asked 17 dyads to compose a recipe for mousse au chocolat. In the first part of the essay we show that one can describe the cooperating dyads as writing systems with specific properties, the interacting persons as agents of the system. After that we ask how far the writing system determines the activities of its agents and to what extent the distribution of activities, conversely, follows the wishes and preferences of those interacting. We also examine whether one can speak of a “writing style” of the writers working together in the writing system.In cooperative writing two or more interacting persons work together to write a common text. After several case studies with unplanned writing interactions, in an experiment we asked 17 dyads to compose a recipe for mousse au chocolat. In the first part of the essay we show that one can describe the cooperating dyads as writing systems with specific properties, the interacting persons as agents of the system. After that we ask how far the writing system determines the activities of its agents and to what extent the distribution of activities, conversely, follows the wishes and preferences of those interacting. We also examine whether one can speak of a “writing style” of the writers working together in the writing system

Allgemeine Maßnahmen zur Arbeitsbeschaffung - ein Geschäft auf Gegenseitigkeit? : zur Theorie und Empirie arbeitsmarktpolitischer Feinsteuerung

"Seit die lokalen Akteure immer stärker bei der Gestaltung von ABM initiativ werden, erweist sich eine Forschungspraxis als unvollständig, die, von der zentralen Gestaltung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik ausgehend, nur auf die Analyse der Wirkung von ABM abzielt. Die Autoren setzen demgegenüber voraus, daß die Transformation des ABM-Prozesses auch eine Erweiterung der Forschungsperspektive impliziert: von der globalen Wirkungsanalyse zur Untersuchung der Implementation im Handlungsgeflecht lokaler Arbeitsmarktakteure. Allerdings liegen bisher zu diesem Thema nur vereinzelte Fallstudien vor, deren Ergebnisse in der präsentierten Form nicht verallgemeinert werden können. Die Autoren versuchen daher, auf der Grundlage einer sekundäranalytischen Auswertung der vorliegenden Befunde sowie unter Berücksichtigung eigener Forschungsergebnisse ein theoretisches Konzept zu entwerfen, das über die Beliebigkeit isolierter Einzelstudien hinausweist und als Grundlage für die weitere Forschungspraxis dienen kann." (Autorenreferat)Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme, Wirkungsforschung - Konzeption, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Kommunalpolitik

Présentation

Bielefeld, mai 1993 Comme le suggèrent le nom de cette revue et l’orientation thématique du présent numéro, les auteurs réunis ici essaient de faire avancer la réflexion sur le type et la nature des rapports qu’on postule entre, d’une part, l’événement social de l’interaction entre un individu en voie d’acquisition d’une langue et d’autres individus en général plus compétents, et, d’autre part, les processus acquisitionnels de cet individu. Si les auteurs traitent tous ce même problème, ils l..

Présentation

Bielefeld, mai 1993 Comme le suggèrent le nom de cette revue et l’orientation thématique du présent numéro, les auteurs réunis ici essaient de faire avancer la réflexion sur le type et la nature des rapports qu’on postule entre, d’une part, l’événement social de l’interaction entre un individu en voie d’acquisition d’une langue et d’autres individus en général plus compétents, et, d’autre part, les processus acquisitionnels de cet individu. Si les auteurs traitent tous ce même problème, ils l..

Comment concevoir l’acquisition d’une compétence rédactionnelle pour des textes de spécialité ?

L’article tente de décrire, en prenant comme référence des textes sociolinguistiques, comment on apprend à rédiger un texte de spécialité. Nous avons dans ce but comparé des dyades de scripteurs novices (étudiants débutants) et expérimentés (enseignants-chercheurs) à qui nous avions demandé de rédiger ensemble des textes courts tels que résumés d’articles ou de thèses à défendre. Nous considérons la compétence rédactionnelle (ou son absence) du double point de vue des stratégies rédactionnelles et des attentes, normes et conventions que pose la « communauté discursive » pour laquelle on écrit et qui constituent un répertoire dont il faut prendre connaissance et qu’il faut apprendre à manier.Understanding the acquisition of specialized writing competencies. The paper tries to describe some aspects of how competence is acquired in writing texts for special purposes. The authors analyze tape- and video-recordings of collaborative writing processes ; they compare dyads of untrained first year university students with dyads of advanced and experienced semi-professional writers during their text production in the domain of sociolinguistics. The notions of writing strategy and of discourse community (including the concept of writing norms and conventions) are applied to analyzing some determining factors of the writing process

Comment concevoir l’acquisition d’une compétence rédactionnelle pour des textes de spécialité ?

L’article tente de décrire, en prenant comme référence des textes sociolinguistiques, comment on apprend à rédiger un texte de spécialité. Nous avons dans ce but comparé des dyades de scripteurs novices (étudiants débutants) et expérimentés (enseignants-chercheurs) à qui nous avions demandé de rédiger ensemble des textes courts tels que résumés d’articles ou de thèses à défendre. Nous considérons la compétence rédactionnelle (ou son absence) du double point de vue des stratégies rédactionnelles et des attentes, normes et conventions que pose la « communauté discursive » pour laquelle on écrit et qui constituent un répertoire dont il faut prendre connaissance et qu’il faut apprendre à manier.Understanding the acquisition of specialized writing competencies. The paper tries to describe some aspects of how competence is acquired in writing texts for special purposes. The authors analyze tape- and video-recordings of collaborative writing processes ; they compare dyads of untrained first year university students with dyads of advanced and experienced semi-professional writers during their text production in the domain of sociolinguistics. The notions of writing strategy and of discourse community (including the concept of writing norms and conventions) are applied to analyzing some determining factors of the writing process

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma in real-life clinical practice : results of a multicentric, retrospective study

Clinical trials revealed significant antitumor activity for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Due to their strict eligibility criteria, clinical trials include selected patient cohorts, and thus do not necessarily represent real-world population outcomes. In this multicentric, retrospective study, we investigated real-world data to assess the effectiveness of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab and to evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available clinicopathological and laboratory parameters. Clinical and follow-up data from mUC patients who received ICIs (01/2017-12/2021) were evaluated. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response (DOR) were used as endpoints. Patients' (n = 210, n = 76 atezolizumab and 134 pembrolizumab) median OS and PFS were 13.6 and 5.9 months, respectively. Impaired ECOG-PS, the presence of visceral, liver or bone metastases, and hemoglobin levels were independently associated with poor OS and DCR. Furthermore, Bellmunt risk factors and the enhanced Bellmunt-CRP score were shown to be prognostic for OS, PFS and DCR. In conclusion, ICIs are effective treatments for a broad range of mUC patients. Our results confirmed the prognostic value of numerous risk factors and showed that Bellmunt risk scores can further be improved when adding CRP to the model

Elevated Pre-Treatment Serum MMP-7 Levels Are Associated with the Presence of Metastasis and Poor Survival in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare cancer with a barely predictable clinical behaviour. Serum MMP-7 is a validated prognostic marker in urothelial bladder cancer, a tumour entity with large clinical, histological, and molecular similarity to UTUC. The serum MMP-7 levels have not yet been investigated in UTUC. In the present study, we determined MMP-7 concentrations in an overall number of 103 serum samples from 57 UTUC patients who underwent surgical or systemic (platinum or immune checkpoint inhibitor) therapy by using the ELISA method. In addition to pre-treatment samples, the serum samples collected at predefined time points after or during therapy were also investigated. Serum MMP-7 concentrations were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. Our results revealed significantly, two-fold elevated pre-treatment serum MMP-7 levels in metastatic cases of UTUC in both the radical surgery- and the chemotherapy-treated cohorts (p = 0.045 and p = 0.040, respectively). In addition, high serum MMP-7 levels significantly decreased after radical surgery, and high pre-treatment MMP-7 concentrations were associated with shorter survival both in the surgery- and chemotherapy-treated cohorts (p = 0.029 and p = 0.001, respectively). Our results revealed pre-treatment serum MMP-7 as a prognostic marker for UTUC, which may help to improve preoperative risk-stratification and thereby improve therapeutic decision-making

Soluble Syndecan-1 Levels Are Associated with Survival in Platinum-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients

Cisplatin-containing chemotherapy represents the first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Recently, novel therapies have become available for cisplatin-ineligible or -resistant patients. Therefore, prediction of cisplatin response is required to optimize therapy decisions. Syndecan-1 (SDC1) tissue expression and serum concentration may be associated with cisplatin resistance. Thus, pre-treatment serum levels of SDC1 and its expression in chemo-naïve tissues were assessed in 121 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. SDC1 concentrations were evaluated by ELISA in 52 baseline and 90 follow-up serum samples and tissue expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 69 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Pre-treatment SDC1 serum levels were significantly higher in lymph node metastatic (p = 0.009) and female patients (p = 0.026). SDC1 tissue expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters. High pre-treatment SDC1 serum level and the presence of distant metastasis were independent risk factors for overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.439, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.003–2.065, p = 0.048; HR: 2.269, 95%CI: 1.053–4.887, p = 0.036). Our results demonstrate an independent association between high baseline serum SDC1 concentration and poor survival in platinum-treated patients. Analyzing baseline serum SDC1 levels may help to predict platinum-containing chemotherapy and could help to optimize therapeutic decision-making